Throughout the stage of pregnancy, there occurs some traffic of cells between the mother and the fetus within. There also arises a certain condition known as Microchimerism (Mc). This kind of condition refers to the small number of cells or DNA acquired by a person that came from another genetically distinct individual. A continual Mc can be also caused by cell transfer that can happen between twins in utero or through blood transfusion. Due to the fact that women are the ones affected by autoimmune disease, frequently with more incidences occurring in post-reproductive years, the event of a fetal Microchimerism has been usually observed in diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, systematic sclerosis (SSc), systematic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome. Maternal foreign cell colonies residing in an individual’s body as detected by a gynecological microscope has been observed in diseases such as SSc, neonatal lupus, and myositis. Evidence implicating fetal foreign cell colonies is strongest in SSc where high levels of fetal foreign cell colonies are found quantitatively residing in an individual’s body as detected by using gynecology microscope. It has also been found out that a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) relationships that an be found between a mother and a child an be associated with more risk of developing SSc in the mother. The maternal foreign cell colonies that can be found residing in an individual’s body which can be identified under a gynecology microscope is implicated in the occurrence of myositis and neonatal lupus.

It is still not established if how autoimmune diseases be affected by the presence of foreign cell colonies. By using a gynecology microscope, the foreign cell colonies that are inherent in an individual’s body could serve a part, either directly or indirectly, in the effector arm of immune responses. An interesting probability as suggested by a recent study found out that Microchimeric cells is vulnerable to immune responses in which maternal cells that is located in infants’ hearts with neonatal lupus congenital heart block were also found to be cardiac myocytes. In addition, Microchimeric cells can also be used secondarily to diseased tissues and help in the repair of tissues. The permanent consequences of a naturally obtained foreign cell colonies that was handed down from pregnancy are not yet known. This is because the continual fetal and maternal foreign cell colonies are not rare in healthy individuals and it seems possible that it can give beneficial effects to its host. The latest advances in this active frontier of scientific research prompted vigorous and productive discussions.

The use of the latest molecular techniques in the investigation of human pregnancy has led to the discovery of the bi-directional trafficking of the cells between the mother and the fetus. Perhaps, the most critical aspect in performing any live-cell (whether gynecological or obstetrical microscopy) imaging or observation is keeping the living fetal cells in a healthy state atop the microscope stage. This kind of challenge usually needs a combination of both mechanical ingenuity along with the keen knowledge of the biological structure and requirement of the fetal cell and tissues being studied. Eventhough many live-cell laboratories have been successful in making cultured cells grow in an environment where the incubators are temperature controlled by carbon dioxide, however, keeping the cells for time-lapse imaging or long-term experiments on a tissue-culture microscope stage is a task that is far more demanding. This is because the imaging chamber that will be used in the imaging must maintain the specimens such as fetal cells and the maternal tissues to function normally for the period of the experiment, while allowing the free and unlimited access of the objectives installed in the microscope. This kind of undertaking is made harder when more powerful objectives, either oil or water immersion is utilized. In several instances, the researcher should be adept in this kind of procedure where he must introduce a certain reagent that while doing the live-cell imaging to inhibit a particular process within cells without disrupting an ongoing time-lapse sequence by shifting focus or stage position. Other essential factors in doing such studies are reliability, reasonable cost and simplicity. For instance, fetal cells are not that demanding when it comes to the composition of the media; while on the other hand, plant, insect and yeast cell cultures do not need stringent temperature requirement.

Even before the gene members of the ENaC superfamily have been isolated and have been cloned by using the maternal tissues species, a quantity of genes that are required for examination under a gynecological microscope of fetal cells had already been made in the identification of these genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, a species of a nematode worm genetic model. Modifications in the mechanosensitive genes such as the deletion of MEC-4 and MEC-10 and also of the degenerin gene DEG-1 made that specimen numb or insensitive to touch and made it prone to neurodegeneration. The structural similarity that is shared by both the maternal tissues of ENaC members and the C. elegans MeC/Deg genes has implied that both the MEC and DEG encoded similar cation channels, which has given compelling support to the hypothesis that the maternal tissues that contains ENaC genes have been perhaps involved in the procedure of observing fetal cell transfer between the mother host and the fetus viewed under the gynecological microscope.

For quite some time, the evidence of its part in this certain process is quite vague. But on the latest studies that involve imaging of C. elegans mechanosensory neurons in vivo has shown the specific role for the MEC-4 channel in the occurrence of the gentle touch sensation. Moreover, the conducted elegant electrophysiological studies of the DEG/ENaC channels in the touch receptor neurons of C. eleganshave demonstrated that these kinds of proteins are capable of transducing mechanical signals. Through results that were gathered in observing the touch receptor neurons of C. elegans in vivo, it was discovered that the mechanoreceptor currents that was carried by most of the Na+ have been rapidly activated by external force and in turn blocked by amiloride. The mechanical currents have been eliminated by the accessory ion channel mec-2 and mec-6 subunit and also of the null mutations happening in the DEG/ENaC gene mec-4. These latest findings have associated the function of external force in the activation of a metazoan sensory transduction channel which is molecularly defined.

It is also found out that other ion channels in the family of DEG/ENac might have a role in the mechanosensation. There were new studies that have discovered that auditory transduction is affected by an acid-sensing ion channel 2(ASIC2). The expression of ASIC2 was identified in the spiral ganglion neurons located in the adult cochlea and externally applied protons induced amiloride-sensitive sodium currents and also of the probability of the action potentials in spiral ganglion neurons in vitro, yet it did not caused a significant hearing loss in ASIC2 null mice. This new found evidence proposes that ASIC2 expression may have a role in the sensory functions of the cochlea but it is still vague. It is very probable that the existence of ASIC2 within the spiral ganglion neurons may give sensors to directly change the local acidosis to an excitatory response.

When viewed through the use of good obstetric microscope (inverted microscope), the fetal osteoblasts and chondrocytes have been discovered to be mechano-sensitive cells. The processes of metabolism such as anabolism and catabolism is controlled by mechanical loading and this process occurs all the time which can lasts for seconds, minutes or hours that is coupled with local and systematic hormones to assure that the demands posted by the mechanical environment be met by certain tissues.

The mechanical strain that is produced as well as the loading impact can act as mechanostimulants. For example, osteoblasts react to the constant mechanical strain by increasing their own mitotic rate and they also manufacture a type I collagen extracellular matrix, as well as the activation of a stretch-activated cation channel. Likewise, chondrocytes react to mechanical loading by the lessening the production of its extracellular matrix macromolecules such as aggrecan. The investigation of the metabolic reaction to the stimulus presented by mechanical strain has prompted groups of researchers to hypothesize that following physiological machanostimulation, the procedure of the mechanoreception and the investigation of fetal cell transfer, as viewed under a gynecological microscope, between the mother host and fetus, may include the cellular cytoskeleton and plasma membrane ion channels.

Even if there are limited the published data on mechanosensitive ion channels that is present in skeletal cells, it is well established that osteoblasts and chondrocytes present in skeletal cells express a quantity of ion channels with different biophysical and pharmacological properties. Ca2+ channels in osteoblastic cells have been discovered to play essential roles in the cellular responses to the external stimuli including both mechanical forces and hormonal signals. Ca2+ channels that are present in the skeletal cells have been proposed to alter paracrine signaling between the bone forming osteoblasts and of the bone-resorbing osteoclasts located at local sites of bone remodeling. Calcium signals can be described by the temporary increases in the intracellular Ca2+ levels that can be linked to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that regulates both cell behavior and phenotype, involving the patterns of gene expression. The development of Ca2+ signals is a tightly regulated process within cells that includes the combined actions of plasma membrane and intracellular Ca2+ channels and also with the Ca2+ pumps and exchangers.