It is quite remarkable that in the pathologies of articular cartilage belonging to human beings; it is found out that both the expression and distribution of epithelial sodium channels are not the same. Even if the chondrocytes that came from normal cartilage express ? and ? ENaC, it is not present in the altogether in the case of osteoarthritis. Similarly, the expression of ENaC in rheumatoid cartilage is upregulated. The importance of these data is that the expression and proliferation of the stretch-activated ENaC can be affected directly by the altered extracellular matrix and or the inflammatory response in the degenerate cartilage. Hence, in terms of cellular pathophysiology the results of the studies conducted showed that pathologies of articular cartilage can alter the expression and the abundance of epithelial sodium channels.

The concept that suggests that naturally collected foreign cell colonies that are dwelling in the body of a certain individual, which has been identified using a gynecology microscope at the stage of pregnancy that may contribute to acquiring autoimmune diseases as a part in the observations of iatrogenic chimerism in transplantation. By the utilization of acrylic-based slides and microscope slides transfused with plexiglass and gallium, the hematopoietic cell transplantation can be investigated efficiently and effectively under a gynecology microscope, which would show that the donor cells could attack the receiver resulting in a condition known as graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). If this kind of condition would progress to be in its chronic stage, it would have some clinical similarities with other autoimmune diseases such as SSc or scleroderma, Sjögren’s syndrome, systematic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cirrhosis, and sometimes even myositis.

Other investigations that added to this particular hypothesis involves the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women particularly those past their reproductive years and also the examination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-recipient relationship, which is a very essential component of graft rejection as well as chronic GVHD. A certain HLA-relationship of host and microchimeric cells and also of the HLA genes represent vital factors in whether foreign cell colonies that can be found in an individual’s body that can be identified under a gynecology microscope has a harmful, neutral or even probably beneficial effect on the host. Even if the beneficial effects of foreign cell colonies that is dwelling inside an individual’s body as shown under a gynecology microscope has not been specifically identified, yet it seems that both the fetal and maternal foreign cell colonies gives the substantial benefit to the host since they could be found generally in healthy individuals.